Auditory
Sequencing
Manifestations
Confusion with number sequences, lists or lists of directions.
Hearing ninety-four instead of forty-nine.
Strategies
Provide written instructions as reinforcement of oral instruction.
Use of visuals with lectures.

Auditory
Memory
Manifestations
Difficulty remembering what was heard, difficulty remembering
important items from a lecture. Spells poorly.
Strategies
Provide written instruction to look back on. Don't penalize spelling,
just correct. Provide basic outlines of what is being presented.

Visual
Sequencing
Manifestations
Problems in using a separate answer sheet. Loses place easily.
Problems with reading. Reversing or misreading numbers of letters.
Reading words incorrectly. Difficulty with equations.
Strategies
Read directions aloud. Provide oral instruction. Write on the
overhead. Color code things written down. When writing questions
on the board, change color every other question.

Visual
Memory
Manifestations
Difficulty remembering what was seen. Reading comprehension. Difficulty
with math equations. Poor recall of information.
Strategies
Provide handouts that are clearly written. Provide oral instruction.

Dysgraphia
Manifestations
Inability to form letters correctly-students cannot read their
own writing.
Strategies
Oral tests. Tapes projects.

Visual
Motor Integration
Manifestations
Mechanical problems in test taking. Difficulty copying from board
or book. Spaces poorly. Poor written work. Unorganized.
Strategies
Allow use of computer. Tape recorder for lectures. Substitute
oral reports. Provide individual written outlines so there are fewer
steps to process. In math or science require answers only for calculations.
Use graph paper. Have "note check". Provide note-buddy.
Lower standards for acceptable writing.

Auditory
Discrimination
Manifestations
Often seems to misunderstand. Trouble telling differences between
similar sounds or words-seventeen for seventy. Seems to hear but
not to listen.
Strategies
Written lectures to follow. Talk at a slower pace. Give one task
at a time.

Auditory
Figure Ground
Manifestations
Trouble hearing sounds over background noises.
Strategies
Sit student near you.

Visual
Figure Ground
Manifestations
Trouble seeing an image within competing background. Picking one
line of print from another while reading.
Strategies
Using an index card or marker when reading- to blot out distraction
of other words.

Visual
Discrimination
Manifestations
Seeing the difference between two similar objects
Strategies
Clearly spacing words/problems on a page.

Spatial
Orientation
Manifestations
Loses materials. Late to class. Difficulty with oral reading.
Unorganized homework. Difficulty judging time.
Strategies
Provide more time for assignments or shorten them. Encourage silent
reading. Provide less reading material and more reading time. Provide
help in organization.

Expressive
Language
Manifestations
Difficulty expressing themselves. May sound "cynical".
Strategies
Provide opportunities for written reports. Allow adequate time
to respond to questions.

Receptive
Language
Manifestations
Appears to be "not listening". Incomplete work.
Strategies
Have students repeat directions back to you for understanding.

Organization
Manifestations
Incomplete assignments. Unorganized notebook/notes.
Strategies
Provide course syllabus. Provide calendar with weekly plan, include
homework. Provide written detailed explanation for projects. For
long term projects - have periodic checks (graded or non-graded).
Show by example (ready made notebook).

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